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[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
The Communist
Hypothesis
ALAIN BADIOU
Translated by
David Macey and Steve Corcoran
VERSO
London
•
New York
First published in Enlish by Verso 2010
©Verso2010
Translaion Daid Macey and Steve Corcoran © 2010
'A Brief Chronolgy of the Cultural Revolution'
rnslated by Bruno Bosted 201 0
First published as :hypotMse communste
Appendix ist published
s
Presentaton e Mao, De a pratqe et de a
corato, aec
e
lettre dAain Badiou et la reponse e Slavoj ZZek
© aFabrique 208
All rights reserved
Contents
Preamble: Wh at Is Called Failure?
1
I We Are Still he Contempories of May '8
41
l.
May '8 Revisited,
0
Ye s On
43
The moral rights of the auhor nd translator have been asserted
2.
Outline of a Beginning
68
13579108642
3.
This Cisis Is the Spectacle:
Where Is the Rel?
Verso
UK: 6 Meard Street, London WIF OEG
USA: 20 Jay Street, Suite 10lO, Brooklyn, NY 11201
W.
versobooks.com
91
II The Cultural Revolution: he Last Revolution?
101
Verso is the imprint of New Left Books
III The Paris Commune:
A Political Declaration on Politics
ISBN-I3: 978-1-8467-600-2
168
British Library Cataloguing in ublication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available rom the Biish Librry
IV The Idea of Communism
229
Library of Congress CatIogng-in-ublication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Libry of Conress
Appendix. Letter from Alain Badiou to
Slavoj ZZek: On he Work ofMao Zedong
261
Typeset by Hewer Text UK Ltd, Edinburgh
Printed in the USA by Maple Vail
Preamble: hat Is Called Failure?
I
the 'red decade' ushered in by the fourfold
circumstances of national liberation struggles (in
Vietnam and Palestine in particular), the woldwide
student and youth movement (Germany, Japan, the
USA, Mexico ...
), factory revolts (France and Italy)
and the Cultural Revolution in China. It inds its
subjective form in a resigned surender, in a retun
to customs - including electoral customs - deference
towards the capitalo-parliamentarian or 'Westen'
order, and the conviction that to want something better
is to want something worse. It finds its intellectual
fom in what, in France, acquired the very strange
name of 'the new philosophy'. Despite the change
of name, we have here, almost unchanged, all the
arguments of the American anti-communism of the
T
he mid-1970s saw the beginnings of the ebb
2
THE COMMUNIST HYPOTHESIS
PREAMBLE: WHAT IS CALLED FAILURE?
3
1950s: socialist regimes are loathsome despotisms
and bloody dictatorships. At the level of the state,
this socialist 'totalitarianism' must be contrasted with
representative democracy which, while it is of course
imperfect, is by far the least bad form of government.
At the moral level, which is the most important in
philosophical terms, we must preach the values of the
'free world' centred on and protected by the United
States. Because it has ended in failure all over the
world, the communist hypothesis is a criminal utopia
that must give way to a culture of 'human rights', which
combines the cult of freedom (including, of course,
freedom of enterprise, the freedom to own property
and to grow rich that is the material guarantee of
all other freedoms) and a representation in which
Good is a victim. Good is never anything more than
the struggle against Evil, which is tantamount to
saying that we must care only for those who present
themselves, or who are exhibited, as the victims of
Evil. As for Evil, it is everything that the free West
designates as such, what Reagan called 'the Evil
Empire'. Which brings us back to our stating point:
the communist Idea, and so on.
For vious reasons, this propaganda machine
is now obsolete, mainly because there is no longer a
single powerful state claiming to be communist, or even
socialist. Many rhetorical devices have of eourse been
recycled in the 'war against teror' which, in France, has
taken on he guise of n anti-Islamist crusade. And yet
no one can seriously believe that a particularist religious
ideology that is backward-looking in terms of its social
vision, and fascistic in both its conception of action
and its outcome, can replace a promise of universal
emancipation supported by three centuies of critical,
intenationl and secular philosophy that exploited the
resources of science and mobilized, at the very het
of the industial metropolises, the enthusiasm of both
workers and intellectuals. Lumping togeher Stalin
and Hiler was already a sign of extreme intellectul
poverty: the norm by which any collective undertaking
has to be judged is, it was rgued, the number of deaths
it causes.
f
that were really the c.>e, the huge colonil
genocides and massacres, the millions of deaths in the
civil and wold wars through which our West forged its
might, should be enough to discredit, even in the eyes of
'philosophers' who extol their morality, the parliamentry
regimes of Europe and Ameica. What would be left for
those who scribble about Rights? How could they go on
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Dobry przykład - połowa kazania. Adalberg
I ty, Brutusie, przeciwko mnie?! (Et tu, Brute, contra me?! ) Cezar (Caius Iulius Caesar, ok. 101 - 44 p. n. e)
Do polowania na pchły i męża nie trzeba mieć karty myśliwskiej. Zygmunt Fijas
W ciepłym klimacie najłatwiej wyrastają zimni dranie.
Gdybym tylko wiedział, powinienem był zostać zegarmistrzem. - Albert Einstein (1879-1955) komentując swoją rolę w skonstruowaniu bomby atomowej
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