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[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ] Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State ALAN HARDING 3 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris São Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Alan Harding 2001 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harding, Alan Medieval law and the foundations of the state / Alan Harding. p. cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Law, Medieval. 2. Law–Europe–History. 3. State, The–History. I. Title. KJ147 .H37 2002 2001036406 ISBN 0-19-821958-X 13579108642 Typeset in Sabon by Regent Typesetting, London Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by T. J. International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall 340.5'5'094–dc21 Preface T RACING the growth of the State has become something of an histor- ical industry, but the subject still needs definition. The history of the State has to be more than a history of strong government: it must show how an abstraction, a piece of metaphysics, came to dominate political consciousness as a thing not only believed to have real existence but loved for its promise of social order and hated for its threat of coercion. The power of the State rests on an idea which is unique in commanding both the levels of political thought discerned by Charles Taylor: the ‘common-sense . . . pre-theoretical understanding of what is going on among the members of society’ which is necessary for any political activity, and the high theory of the philosophers who criticize and sys- tematize these working notions. 1 Graffiti urge the smashing of the same State about which Aquinas, Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Hegel theorized. This book is primarily concerned with the ‘pre-theoretical under- standing’ of what constituted a ‘state’ among rulers and ruled in the middle ages. It is not a history of state-theory and therefore makes little use of ‘the learned laws’, i.e. Roman and Canon Law, but an account of the complex of procedures and institutions perceived as constituting ‘the state of the realm’ in a medieval kingdom, and of how that perception developed into the early modern idea of the State. The introductory chapter does, however, seek to define the meaning of the word ‘state’ as it has been used in political thought back to the middle ages, and finds that its use in a theoretical way begins with Thomas Aquinas in the later thirteenth century. The following chapters trace the growth of systems of justice in the period before that time, when ideas of state must be looked for in the legislation and written acta of kings and their ministers. This is where ‘state’ appeared as part of a constellation of ‘constitutional’ words and notions, along with peace and custom, fief- holding and liberty, statute and ‘the common good’. In the main part of the book the sources are therefore the volumes of charters and laws in such printed series as the Monumenta Germaniae Historica , the Recueils des Actes and Ordonnances of French rulers, the Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum , and the English Statutes of the Realm , along with the records of the administration of justice and the law- books which summed up a country’s legal practice. The final chapters 1 C. Taylor, ‘Political theory and practice’, in Social Theory and Political Practice , ed. C. Lloyd (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983).
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Dobry przykład - połowa kazania. Adalberg I ty, Brutusie, przeciwko mnie?! (Et tu, Brute, contra me?! ) Cezar (Caius Iulius Caesar, ok. 101 - 44 p. n. e) Do polowania na pchły i męża nie trzeba mieć karty myśliwskiej. Zygmunt Fijas W ciepłym klimacie najłatwiej wyrastają zimni dranie. Gdybym tylko wiedział, powinienem był zostać zegarmistrzem. - Albert Einstein (1879-1955) komentując swoją rolę w skonstruowaniu bomby atomowej
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