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zanotowane.pldoc.pisz.plpdf.pisz.plkolobrzeginfo.keep.pl
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[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
AL-RAZI'S BOOK OF SECRETS:
THE PRACTICAL LABORATORY IN THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC WORLD
A Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of
California State University, Fullerton
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Arts
in
History
By
Gail Marlow Taylor
Approved by:
5chen Burgtorf, Ph.D., Committee Chair
Date
Department of History
Nancy Fitch, Ph.D., Member
Date
Department of History
Lynn Sargeant, Ph.D., Member
Date
Department of History
UMI Number: 1452429
Copyright 2008 by
Taylor, Gail Marlow
All rights reserved.
INFORMATION TO USERS
The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy
submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and
photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper
alignment can adversely affect reproduction.
In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript
and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized
copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
®
UMI
UMI Microform 1452429
Copyright 2008 by ProQuest LLC.
All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against
unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code.
ProQuest LLC
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PO Box 1346
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ABSTRACT
Over a thousand years ago, the Persian physician and chemist Abu Bakr
Muhammad ibn Zakarlya al-RazT wrote a laboratory manual in Arabic, called the
Kitab
al-Asrar
or
Book of Secrets.
His systematic book describes procedures in terms of
required chemicals, equipment, and processes, without the theoretical or allegorical
digressions that characterize many alchemical manuals. In the early twentieth century,
science historians Julius Ruska and Henry Stapleton were greatly impressed by al-RazT's
scientific approach. More recent histories, however, usually treat serious laboratory texts
as a development of early modern Europe.
I have translated al-Razi's book into English from Ruska's German translation of
the Arabic text. I argue that it embodies the methodological organization of a modern
laboratory procedure manual. In this thesis, I first analyze the historical significance of
the
Kitab al-Asrar
and its relationship to medieval European alchemic texts. Next, I
examine its contents and show how its strategies for reproducibility share a common
pattern with modern laboratory manuals. Laboratories today analyze virtually everything
we touch from the food we eat to the clothes we wear. Yet the basis of laboratory testing,
the procedure manual defining equipment, materials, and procedures, is demonstrated in a
tenth-century alchemic handbook, the
Kitab al-Asrar.
ii
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Dobry przykład - połowa kazania. Adalberg
I ty, Brutusie, przeciwko mnie?! (Et tu, Brute, contra me?! ) Cezar (Caius Iulius Caesar, ok. 101 - 44 p. n. e)
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W ciepłym klimacie najłatwiej wyrastają zimni dranie.
Gdybym tylko wiedział, powinienem był zostać zegarmistrzem. - Albert Einstein (1879-1955) komentując swoją rolę w skonstruowaniu bomby atomowej
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